ARINC 664, also known as AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet), is an Ethernet-based communication standard developed to meet the rigorous demands of civil and military aviation. It was created to replace older buses like ARINC 429, offering greater bandwidth, full-duplex communication, and deterministic traffic control. Implemented mainly in next-generation commercial
PROFINET (Process Field Network) is an industrial communication protocol based on Ethernet, developed by PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI). It allows deterministic and real-time data exchange between controllers (PLCs) and industrial devices such as sensors, actuators, inverters, HMIs, and test systems. It is widely used in process automation and discrete
Ethernet is a packet-based digital communication technology used for data transmission in local (LANs), industrial, and embedded networks. A widely adopted standard, it enables reliable, high-speed, and scalable connectivity between devices. In the industry, Ethernet is adopted both for automation, data acquisition, and real-time control, as well as for integration
Modbus is a serial and Ethernet communication protocol widely used in industrial automation for data exchange between master and slave devices, such as PLCs, sensors, actuators, frequency inverters, SCADA systems, and test equipment. Created in 1979, it remains today as an open and robust standard, ideal for simple, stable, and