Product Engineering is the discipline responsible for planning, developing, validating, and technically monitoring a product from its conception to its mass production. It operates at the interface between R&D, industrialization, testing, purchasing, quality, and the final customer, ensuring that the product is functional, manufacturable, testable, reliable, and competitive. Product engineering
Test Engineering is the branch of engineering that develops and implements systems, procedures, and tools to verify the functionality, quality, safety, and performance of a product or system. It is present in various sectors — electronic, automotive, medical, aerospace, cosmetic, industrial — and plays a critical role in ensuring technical
The 5 Whys technique is a simple and powerful root cause analysis tool, which involves asking “why?” repeatedly (five times or more) to identify the real origin of a problem. The goal is to go beyond the symptoms and find the technical and procedural root cause, enabling lasting corrective actions.
SIPOC is a process mapping tool used to visualize a complete process in a macro way, identifying Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. Widely used in Lean Six Sigma and continuous improvement, it is ideal for quickly understanding the scope of a process, especially when there are quality issues, bottlenecks,
The 8D (Eight Disciplines) is a systematic approach to solving complex problems, especially effective for recurring or critical non-conformities in industrial environments. Originally developed by Ford, 8D is now a global reference for structured corrective actions, with traceability and organizational learning. The 8D goes beyond just correcting the problem: it
The Ishikawa Diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram or cause-and-effect diagram, is a visual tool used to identify, organize, and analyze the possible causes of a problem. Created by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s, the method is widely used in quality, engineering, and continuous improvement to investigate production failures,
SMED (Single-Minute Exchange of Die) is a Lean methodology aimed at drastically reducing the setup or product changeover time in machines and processes. The term “single-minute” refers to the goal of completing changeovers in less than 10 minutes. In test systems, SMED allows for quickly changing products, firmware, fixtures, or
Kaizen is a philosophy of Japanese origin that literally means "change for the better". In the industrial context, it is a systematic approach to continuous improvement, involving all employees — from the operator to the engineer — to eliminate waste, improve processes, and enhance quality. In the industrial testing environment,
TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) is an industrial management methodology focused on maximizing equipment efficiency through the involvement of the entire team — operators, maintenance, and engineering — in preventive, autonomous, and continuous maintenance. Unlike traditional reactive maintenance, TPM promotes a proactive culture that combines technical availability, reliability, and continuous improvement.